Mean July monthly radiation spatial grid, Raster Dataset (esri exchange format)

Raster Dataset

Thumbnail

Tags
climate data, Willamette Basin, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, solar radiation, climate modeling, Oregon, Blue River Watershed, mapping, climate change


Summary

Display or analysis requiring spatially distributed mean monthly radiation (with no canopy effect) over the HJ Andrews.

Description

Mean July monthly radiation data over the HJ Andrews. (50 meter spatial grid). The IPW (Image Processing Workbench) model was used to create the grids with parameters specified by the user to approximate climatic conditions at the HJ Andrews. Cloudiness was accounted for by varying proportions of direct and diffuse radiation for each month. Values are theoretical and not directly based upon observed radiation values. For further information, see the project website at http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/lter/research/component/climate/smithjw/hja/.

Credits

Use limitations

See data access policy at www.fsl.orst.edu/lter (especialy the data use policy)

Extent

West  -122.292380    East  -122.058938
North  44.297235    South  44.165482

Scale Range
Maximum (zoomed in)  1:5,000
Minimum (zoomed out)  1:150,000,000

ArcGIS Metadata 

Topics and Keywords 

Themes or categories of the resource  climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere


*Content type  Downloadable Data


Place keywords  Willamette Basin, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, Blue River Watershed

Theme keywords  climate data, solar radiation, climate modeling, mapping, climate change

Thesaurus
Title Andrews Forest LTER Thesaurus




Citation 

Title Mean July monthly radiation spatial grid, Raster Dataset (esri exchange format)
Publication date 2002-06-07 00:00:00


Edition 1


Presentation formats* digital map


Other citation details
ms03307.zip



Citation Contacts 

Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan W. Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  originator


Responsible party
Individual's name Christopher Daly
Organization's name PRISM Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering
Contact's position Principal Investigator
Contact's role  point of contact


Contact information
Phone
Voice (541) 737-2531
Fax (541) 737-6609

Address
Type both
Delivery point 2000 Kelley Engineering Center, Oregon State University
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97331
Country US
e-mail addressdaly@nacse.org



Resource Details 

Dataset languages  English (UNITED STATES)
Dataset character set  utf8 - 8 bit UCS Transfer Format


Status  completed
Spatial representation type* grid


*Processing environment Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552


ArcGIS item properties
*Name rad07
*Location file://J:\hja83\rad07
*Access protocol Local Area Network

Extents 

Extent
Description
ground condition

Temporal extent
Beginning date 1995-01-01 00:00:00
Ending date 2000-01-01 00:00:00

Extent
Geographic extent
Bounding rectangle
Extent type  Extent used for searching
*West longitude -122.292380
*East longitude -122.058938
*North latitude 44.297235
*South latitude 44.165482
*Extent contains the resource Yes

Extent in the item's coordinate system
*West longitude 556573.356235
*East longitude 575073.356235
*South latitude 4890681.500103
*North latitude 4905131.500103
*Extent contains the resource Yes

Resource Points of Contact 

Point of contact
Individual's name Christopher Daly
Organization's name PRISM Group, Northwest Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering
Contact's position Principal Investigator
Contact's role  principal investigator


Contact information
Phone
Voice (541) 737-2531
Fax (541) 737-6609

Address
Type both
Delivery point 2000 Kelley Engineering Center, Oregon State University
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97331
Country US
e-mail addressdaly@nacse.org



Resource Maintenance 

Resource maintenance
Update frequency  not planned


Resource Constraints 

Legal constraints
Limitations of use
While substantial efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of data and documentation, complete accuracy of data sets cannot be guaranteed. All data are made available "as is". The Andrews LTER shall not be liable for damages resulting from any use or misinterpretation of data sets.

Other constraints
Available on-line

Security constraints
Classification  unclassified


Constraints
Limitations of use

See data access policy at www.fsl.orst.edu/lter (especialy the data use policy)


Spatial Reference 

ArcGIS coordinate system
*Type Projected
*Geographic coordinate reference GCS_North_American_1983
*Projection NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N
*Coordinate reference details
Projected coordinate system
Well-known identifier 26910
X origin -5120900
Y origin -9998100
XY scale 450445547.3910538
Z origin -100000
Z scale 10000
M origin -100000
M scale 10000
XY tolerance 0.001
Z tolerance 0.001
M tolerance 0.001
High precision true
Latest well-known identifier 26910
Well-known text PROJCS["NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N",GEOGCS["GCS_North_American_1983",DATUM["D_North_American_1983",SPHEROID["GRS_1980",6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",500000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-123.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",0.9996],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",26910]]

Reference system identifier
*Value 26910
*Codespace EPSG
*Version 8.2.6


Spatial Data Properties 

Georectified Grid
*Number of dimensions 2


Axis dimensions properties
Dimension type  column (x-axis)
*Dimension size 370
*Resolution  50.000000 Meter

Axis dimensions properties
Dimension type  row (y-axis)
*Dimension size 289
*Resolution  50.000000 Meter

*Cell geometry  area
*Point in pixel  center


*Transformation parameters are available Yes


*Check points are available No


Corner points
*Point 556573.356235 4890681.500103
*Point 556573.356235 4905131.500103
*Point 575073.356235 4905131.500103
*Point 575073.356235 4890681.500103

*Center point 565823.356235 4897906.500103




ArcGIS Raster Properties
General Information
*Pixel depth 32
*Compression type RLE
*Number of bands 1
*Raster format GRID
*Source type continuous
*Pixel type floating point
*No data value -3.4028235e+038
*Has colormap No
*Has pyramids Yes




Spatial Data Content 

Image Description
*Type of information  physical measurement
Attribute described by cell values rad07


Band information
*Description rad07
*Maximum value 25846.000000
*Minimum value 7607.000000
Units
Symbol J

*Number of bits per value 32


Triangulation has been performed No
Radiometric calibration is available No
Camera calibration is available No
Film distortion information is available No
Lens distortion information is available No


Data Quality 

Scope of quality information
Resource level  dataset




Data quality report - Completeness omission
Measure description
Caution must be taken when using estimated temperatures for areas outside the HJA boundaries shown in the maps. This is because environmental processes within the Lookout Creek watershed were used to quantify the effects of elevation, canopy, cloudiness, and topography on temperatures, and these effects were extrapolated to other areas, where in fact environmental processes may affect temperatures differently. Because adjustments may have obscured sensitive long-term trends in the datasets, caution should also be taken when using the final dataset to investigate evidence of long-term climatic events in the HJA, such as those associated with PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) or ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) phenomena.



Evaluation type  direct internal




Data quality report - Quantitative attribute accuracy
Measure description
In any research project that bases its methodology on hypothesized quantifications of natural phenomena, there can be many sources of uncertainty. In this project, errors were not additive throughout the process because of the way in which the methodology was conducted (for example, the selective elimination of sites from the analysis at certain stages). Thus, the potential sources of error must be examined at each step independently of one another. Though a formal error analysis could not be done because of low confidence in the historical dataset as a whole, the following discussion attempts to quantify potential sources of uncertainty. Specific recommendations for future research to address some of these issues can be found in Chapter 7. Historical temperature data at the HJA have been gathered using partially shielded mercury bulb thermometers and thermisters. Instrumentation error for mercury thermometers (used for about two-thirds of the total period of record) was approximately ± 2.0°C, with another ± 2.0°C error introduced when digitizing the paper charts. Thermisters, installed by the early 1990s at all sites, are accurate to approximately ± 0.4°C (J. Moreau, pers. comm.). The inconsistency of sensor heights above the ground may also have been a source of error, though probably a small one. Mean monthly temperatures were less likely to have been affected by these observational errors than the original daily datasets. In Chapter 4, mean monthly temperatures at sites with short records were adjusted to the full 30-year period using the highest correlated long-term site. For maximum temperature adjustments, mean absolute errors for periods of record ranged from 1.1°C for a one-year period of record to 0.2°C for a 24-year period of record (0.6°C to 0.2°C for minimum temperatures, from Figures 4.2 and 4.3). The shorter the period of record for a short-term site, the greater the error, but potential temperature errors never exceeded 0.7°C because any site with less than three years of original data was not considered (mean absolute errors for maximum and minimum temperatures were 0.7°C to 0.6°C for three-year periods of record, respectively). Thus, errors introduced into the procedure by temporal adjustments were likely minimal compared to observational errors. The most significant source of error in the project probably stems from radiation adjustments to the datasets (adjusting temperatures to simulate flat, open siting conditions for input into PRISM). Monthly cloud factors at UPLMET were taken to be representative of the HJA as a whole. Though the HJA is a small geographic area, it is probable that cloud factors varied somewhat across the watershed. Hemispherical fisheye photographs, which played a major role in our analysis, are temporally unreliable records of radiation and sky view factor attenuation. Canopy characteristics may have changed significantly over the 30-year period of record, and our images documented vegetation conditions at one instant in time only. Given the general trend of increasing canopy closure over time, the probable effect was a bias toward too much canopy correction for the early years of record. Attempts were made to use only climate stations in our analysis for which fisheye images were deemed ‘reliable’ and most likely to represent long-term canopy characteristics, but this was a significant source of error. We did not account for the role that obstacle distance might play in determining longwave radiation attenuation. For example, clouds, mountain ridges, and nearby trees probably do not mitigate thermal radiation loss equally. It was difficult to quantify fisheye sources of error, but the author’s best estimate is 5% uncertainty for very open or closed canopy sites (continuous canopies), and 25% uncertainty for sites with partially open canopies. The slopes of the regression functions developed in Chapter 4 can be used to estimate the potential effects of radiation and sky view factor errors on temperature adjustments. The regression functions incorporated many of the potential sources of error in our methodology, so these error estimates give a good idea of the overall effect of several factors on actual temperature estimates. Consider a 2.52 MJ/m²·day radiation difference between site pairs in December, the month with the steepest maximum temperature/radiation regression line slope (Table 4.21). This is the greatest radiation difference between any site pair used to calculate the maximum temperature/radiation regression function for that month (Table 4.20). The ‘best and worst case’ scenarios assuming 5% and 25% error in the radiation estimates, correspond to margins of error of ± 0.13 and ± 0.63 MJ/m²·day, respectively. The resulting uncertainty in maximum temperature adjustment values range from ± 0.18°C to ± 0.89°C. The greatest radiation difference between any site pair in July (the month with the shallowest regression line slope but largest radiation differences) was 19.91 MJ/m²·day. The ‘best and worst case’ scenarios gave radiation difference ranges of ± 1.00 and ± 4.98 MJ/m²·day, resulting in ranges in maximum temperature adjustment values from ± 0.2°C to ± 1.0°C, respectively. Thus, even when radiation estimates were made from fisheye photographs having a ± 25% margin of error, maximum temperature adjustment errors never exceeded 1.0°C, an amount well within the limits of observational error. A similar analysis performed on minimum temperature adjustments reveals an even lower potential margin of error. Months with the steepest and shallowest minimum temperature/sky view factor regression line slopes were August and January, respectively, and the greatest difference in sky view factor proportions between any site pair was 0.64 (Table 4.22). ‘Best and worst case’ scenarios assuming 5% and 25% error in the sky view factor estimates correspond to errors of ± 0.03 and ± 0.16, respectively. These values give error ranges in minimum temperature estimates from ± 0.1°C to ± 0.6°C in August to ± 0.0°C to ± 0.2°C in January. Thus, errors in minimum temperature adjustments from the minimum temperature/sky view factor regression functions were small. Error estimates of the temperature interpolation process were made using a jackknife cross-validation procedure within PRISM. At each station location, PRISM was run without that station to estimate the temperature at its location, and the predicted values were compared to the observed station value. Mean absolute errors, which are the average of the absolute value of error, ranged from 0.5°C to 0.9°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.1°C to 0.3°C for minimum temperatures throughout the year. Biases, which assess how high or low estimates are across the entire grid, ranged from +0.1°C to +0.3°C for maximum temperatures, and from 0.0°C to +0.1°C for minimum temperatures. All of these values are well within observational error, and show that spatial interpolation of temperatures introduced low levels of uncertainty to the process. There were other possible sources of error in the original temperature datasets. Forest edges (boundary areas between clearings and forests) and streams probably affected long-term monthly temperature values. Many climate stations in the HJA have been and are located within distances that may be affected by edges and streams. These physical features could not be accounted for in this study because necessary datasets did not exist to quantify them. This study also did not quantify scale-dependent temperature advection processes that may affect temperatures in the HJA. For example, temperature regimes on an even, broad north-facing slope are likely different than those on a small north-facing slope having several slopes of varying orientation nearby.





Data quality report - Absolute external positional accuracy
Dimension horizontal


Measure description
10 meter DEM for the area was resampled to 50 meter cells





Lineage 

Process step
When the process occurred 2002-06-07 00:00:00
Description
Once the temperature datasets were adjusted for temporal biases, the effects of radiation exposure were quantified. The two major determinants of radiation in the HJA are terrain shading and forest canopy, so each of these had to be taken into account. However, the procedure hinged upon analysis of hemispherical fisheye photographs which make no distinction between sky blocked by canopy and topography, so separating the effects of these two factors was crucial to the analysis. The goal of analyzing radiation regimes at each site was to determine the monthly regression functions for maximum and minimum temperatures to correct them ‘out of the canopy’ onto simulated open, flat terrain. The Image-Processing Workbench (IPW) was used to estimate incoming shortwave solar radiation at all climate station sites, taking into account elevation, cloudiness and topographic shading. Using IPW, fisheye photographs, and the HemiView program, proportions of solar radiation and sky view factors blocked by the tree canopy were calculated at each site, and accounted for when calculating daily shortwave radiation values for each month. Sky view factors were calculated at each site accounting for canopy and surrounding topography. Specific site pairs were then analyzed by plotting observed monthly temperature differences against simulated radiation and sky view factors and computing monthly regression functions. Name: HemiView Canopy Analysis Software Description: HemiView analyses hemispherical fisheye photographs to calculate solar radiation attenuation due to tree canopy and surrounding topography. Name: Image Processing Workbench (IPW) Description: IPW is a UNIX-based portable image-processing program designed to map solar radiation in mountainous terrain.



Process contact
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan W. Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  originator




Process step
When the process occurred 2009-05-13 00:00:00
Description
projected data from Nad27 to Nad83 

Rationale
per USDA Forest Service standard



Process contact
Individual's name Theresa Valentine
Organization's name Corvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact's position Spatial Information Manager
Contact's role  processor


Contact information
Phone
Voice 541-750-7333
Fax 541-750-7760

Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97332
Country US
e-mail addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu

Hours of service
m-f 0800-1630





Geoprocessing history 

Process
Process name
Date 2009-05-13 17:04:37
Tool location C:\Program Files\ArcGIS\ArcToolbox\Toolboxes\Data Management Tools.tbx\ProjectRaster
Command issued
ProjectRaster J:\hja27\daly\jsmith\rad07 J:\hja83\temp\rad07 PROJCS['NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_10N',GEOGCS['GCS_North_American_1983',DATUM['D_North_American_1983',SPHEROID['GRS_1980',6378137.0,298.257222101]],PRIMEM['Greenwich',0.0],UNIT['Degree',0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION['Transverse_Mercator'],PARAMETER['False_Easting',500000.0],PARAMETER['False_Northing',0.0],PARAMETER['Central_Meridian',-123.0],PARAMETER['Scale_Factor',0.9996],PARAMETER['Latitude_Of_Origin',0.0],UNIT['Meter',1.0]] NEAREST 50 NAD_1927_To_NAD_1983_NADCON # PROJCS['NAD_1927_UTM_Zone_10N',GEOGCS['GCS_North_American_1927',DATUM['D_North_American_1927',SPHEROID['Clarke_1866',6378206.4,294.9786982]],PRIMEM['Greenwich',0.0],UNIT['Degree',0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION['Transverse_Mercator'],PARAMETER['False_Easting',500000.0],PARAMETER['False_Northing',0.0],PARAMETER['Central_Meridian',-123.0],PARAMETER['Scale_Factor',0.9996],PARAMETER['Latitude_Of_Origin',0.0],UNIT['Meter',1.0]]
Include in lineage when exporting metadata No


Distribution 

Distributor
Contact information
Organization's name Oregon State University College of Forestry
Individual's name Forest Science Data Bank
Contact's role  publisher


Contact information
Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area OR
Postal code 97331
e-mail addresshjadata@fsl.orst.edu



Available format
Name zip file


Ordering process
Terms and fees none
Turnaround time
as time permits

Instructions
Obtain information off of WWW site, call contact person for special requests.


Transfer options
Online source
Location  http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/data/studies/spatialdata/ms03307.zip
Access protocol zip file
Function performed  download



Distribution format
*Name Raster Dataset
Version arcgis 10.2


Fields 

Details for object rad07 
Type raster data set
Definition source
J. Smith

Definition
50m gridded mean monthly radiation data over the HJ Andrews



Field value
 
Alias value
Data type I
Width 6
Field description
MJ/m^2.day   x 1000
(megajoule per square metre and per day )

Description source
J. Smith thesis

Description of values
number generated by computer model output.



Accuracy information
Accuracy  megajoule per square metre and per day (MJ m-2 day-1)


Field count
 
Alias count
Data type I
Width 4
Field description
cell count per value

Description source
esri documentation

Description of values
number generated by computer program, based on number of cells with a particular value.







References 

Aggregate Information
Association type  cross reference


Aggregate resource name
Title MS001: Meteorological data from benchmark stations at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1957 to present
Revision date 2015-11-24 00:00:00


Other citation details
FSDB Code



Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University College of Forestry
Individual's name Forest Science Data Bank
Contact's role  publisher


Contact information
Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area OR
Postal code 97331



Resource location online
Locationhttp://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/data/abstract.cfm?dbcode=MS001&topnav=97
Name  data page for MS001 Met Station Data
Function performed  information



Aggregate Information
Association type  cross reference
Initiative type  project


Aggregate resource name
Title HJ Andrews Temperature Mapping Project
Publication date 2002-07-01 00:00:00


Presentation formats  digital document, digital document
FGDC geospatial presentation format  map


Responsible party
Organization's name Oregon State University
Individual's name Jonathan W. Smith
Contact's position graduate student
Contact's role  originator


Resource location online
Locationhttp://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/biblio/abstract.cfm?Catalog_id=3347&topnav=175
Access protocol pdf file
Function performed  download



Metadata Details 

Metadata language English (UNITED STATES)
Metadata character set  utf8 - 8 bit UCS Transfer Format


Scope of the data described by the metadata  dataset
Scope name* dataset


*Last update 2015-12-14


ArcGIS metadata properties
Metadata format ArcGIS 1.0
Standard or profile used to edit metadata FGDC


Created in ArcGIS for the item 2010-06-02 13:31:22
Last modified in ArcGIS for the item 2015-12-14 16:56:35


Automatic updates
Have been performed Yes
Last update 2015-12-14 16:56:23


Metadata Contacts 

Metadata contact
Individual's name Theresa Valentine
Organization's name Corvallis Forest Science Laboratory
Contact's position Spatial Information Manager
Contact's role  point of contact


Contact information
Phone
Voice 541-750-7333
Fax 541-758-7760

Address
Type both
Delivery point 3200 SW Jefferson Way
City Corvallis
Administrative area Oregon
Postal code 97332
Country US
e-mail addresstvalentine@fs.fed.us or theresa.valentine@orst.edu

Hours of service
m-f 8:00am-4:00pm



Metadata Maintenance 

Maintenance
Update frequency  not planned


Metadata Constraints 

Security constraints
Classification  unclassified


Thumbnail and Enclosures 

Thumbnail
Thumbnail type  JPG

FGDC Metadata (read-only) 

Entities and Attributes 

Detailed Description
Entity Type
Entity Type Labelrad07
Entity Type Definition
50m gridded mean monthly radiation data over the HJ Andrews
Entity Type Definition SourceJ. Smith

Attribute
Attribute Labelvalue
Attribute Definition
MJ/m^2.day x 1000 (megajoule per square metre and per day )
Attribute Definition SourceJ. Smith thesis
Attribute Domain Values
Unrepresentable Domain
number generated by computer model output.
Attribute Value Accuracy Information
Attribute Value Accuracy megajoule per square metre and per day (MJ m-2 day-1)

Attribute
Attribute Labelcount
Attribute Definition
cell count per value
Attribute Definition Sourceesri documentation
Attribute Domain Values
Unrepresentable Domain
number generated by computer program, based on number of cells with a particular value.